Firstly, comparing with the other surrogates such as TG/HDL-C ratio, visceral adiposity index (VAI), TG, fasting glucose (TyG) index, LAP had better association with insulin-stimulated glucose disposal and higher ability to detect insulin resistance with insulin sensitivity assessed by hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp [40]; Secondly, longitudinal trajectories of LAP, which reflect the efficacy of patients’ lipid-lowering treatment and lifestyle improvement, has an independent effect on 5-year T2DM incidence beyond LAP measured at baseline [18]. Here, INS is linked to Insulin resistance.