In another study, it was exhibited that female SLE T cells increased expression of IRAK1 and showed altered X chromosome inactivation pattern compared to the male SLE patients, while female healthy controls showed a similar expression profile of IRAK-1 to those of male SLE patients indicating a sex-biased role of IRAK-1 in SLE disorder (Syrett et al. 2019). Here, IRAK1 is linked to systemic lupus erythematosus.