In a study of 50 patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma who may have been exposed to asbestos, 356 subjects who may have been exposed to asbestos but had no disease, and 41 healthy volunteers with no history of asbestos exposure, serum CCL2 levels were significantly elevated in patients with advanced malignant pleural mesothelioma [91]. This evidence concerns the gene CCL2 and malignant pleural mesothelioma.