CCL2 and prostate cancer: In addition, among the 255 patients with prostate cancer, those with serum CCL2 level ≥ 320 pg/mL had significantly poorer overall survival and prostate cancer-specific survival, higher TNM stages, and worse histological grade than those with serum CCL2 level < 320 pg/mL, indicating the potential of serum CCL2 level as a prognostic biomarker as well [62].