Apart from the limited capacity of DpC and Dp44mT to affect only the cancer cells having upregulated p-glycoprotein and the incomplete understanding of the interactome networks between chemotherapeutic agents and DpC and Dp44mT, structural mutations of the p-glycoprotein itself or increased plasma-membrane localization of p-glycoproteins may also lead to DpC and Dp44mT resistance. Here, ABCB1 is linked to cancer.