PINK1 and Parkinson disease: Pathogenic mutations of several genes, such as LRRK2, Parkinsonism Associated Deglycase (PARK7), PTEN-induced kinase 1 (PINK1), Parkin RBR E3 Ubiquitin Protein Ligase (PRKN), and Alpha-synuclein (SNCA), are known to induce PD [45].