To confirm and study the differential effects of TGF-β on galectin-9 expression we treated THP-1 human AML cells, Colo205 human colorectal cancer cells, MCF-7 human breast cancer cells, HaCaT human keratinocytes (non-malignant cells), primary healthy human keratinocytes as well as HEK293 human embryonic kidney cells, with 2 ng/ml human recombinant TGF-β (specifically TGF-β type 1 was used) for 24 h. The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is acute myeloid leukemia.