Moreover, when liver cytokines (IL‐1, IL‐6), and fibrosis markers (COL‐1, α‐SMA, TGF‐β and FN14) were evaluated by Western blot (Figure 3A) and real‐time RT‐PCR (Figures 2A and 4A), there were significant increases in these markers at both protein and mRNA levels in AIH mice. The gene discussed is ACTA1; the disease is autoimmune hepatitis.