BIRC5 and cancer: ,25 We previously identified multiple TS-miRNAs that inhibit human cancer cell growth, cell invasion, and chemoresistance.26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34 Notably, miR-634 overexpression effectively induced apoptosis in various cancer cells by directly and concurrently targeting multiple genes associated with cytoprotective processes, including those involved in mitochondrial homeostasis (OPA1 and TFAM), anti-apoptosis signaling (APIP, XIAP, and BIRC5), antioxidant scavenging (NRF2), and autophagy and lysosomal degradation (LAMP2).29