TLR4 and ulcerative colitis: The Toll-like receptor 4- (TLR4-) nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) signaling pathway activates the expression of several proinflammatory cytokine genes that play pivotal roles in inflammatory disorders, such as sepsis, ulcerative colitis, myocardial infarction, and I/R injury [78–80].