Comeglio et al. confirmed that OCA could considerably reduce the production of proinflammatory cytokines (i.e., IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α) in the IPF rat model and could also regulate the proportion of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) and their inhibitors (tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases, TIMP), thereby alleviating the symptoms of pulmonary fibrosis. This evidence concerns the gene IL1B and pulmonary fibrosis.