Therefore, FXR inhibits the occurrence of IPF mainly via two avenues: it inhibits the production of proinflammatory cytokines (such as IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α), that is, inhibiting the inflammatory stage of pulmonary fibrosis; it suppresses the expression of TGF-β1/SNAI1 and SNAI2 to inhibit the development of EMT and regulates the proportion of MMPs/TIMPs to reduce the situation of pulmonary fibrosis itself. Here, TNF is linked to pulmonary fibrosis.