CCL2 and ischemia reperfusion injury: In accordance with this hypothesis, the MCP-1 level has been found to positively correlate with the permeability of the BBB and progression of diseases [80, 81] while the lack of MCP-1 or CCR2 prevents neuronal death, decreases BBB permeability, and improves neuronal function in some disorders, including hemorrhage and ischemia-reperfusion injury [81, 82].