TGFB1 and Hepatic fibrosis: HSCs and HSECs maintain co-activation during hepatic fibrosis that not only do capillarized HSECs secret fibroblast growth factor (FGF) and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) to facilitate the activation and ECM deposition of HSCs, but also activated HSCs paracrine pro-angiogenic factors such as VEGF, platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and angiopoietins to promote angiogenesis of HESCs at the same time46–48.