VEGFA and diabetes mellitus: Other hypotheses that delineate the mechanism of ECs dysfunction and subsequent impaired angiogenesis in diabetes include reduction in vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) signaling [4], accumulation of advanced glycation end products [5, 6], protein kinase C (PKC) activation [7], sorbitol-inositol imbalance [8], nuclear factor (NF)-κB-mediated downstream signaling [9], and the role of angiotensin-II and Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator 1-α (PGC-1α) in the endothelium [10, 11].