Succinate production of P. distasonis activated the intestinal gluconeogenesis through succinate binding with fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase, whereas lithocholic acid and ursodeoxycholic acid production of P. distasonis activated the farnesoid X receptor (FXR) signaling pathway and reduced hyperlipidemia and improved gut barrier integrity (23). This evidence concerns the gene NR1H4 and hyperlipidemia.