Upon serial acquisition of mutations, ARCH/CHIP can progress to myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and ultimately acute myeloid leukemia (AML), directly to AML without an intervening MDS stage, or to other conditions such as myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) or lymphoid neoplasms [70, 72]. This evidence concerns the gene STUB1 and acute myeloid leukemia.