CD274 and neoplasm: As expected, upon stimulation with PD-L1 on tumor cells, PD-L1 CAR-Jurkat T cells produced high levels of IL-2 (Additional file 1: Figure S1e), which indicated the binding of this anti-PD-L1 scFv to PD-L1 is capable of transducing signal into T cells and thereby applicable in designing CCR.