CD19 and precursor B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia: However, advances in chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy have dramatically improved the treatment of r/r B-ALL [1–3] The first FDA-approved CD19-targeted CAR T-cell therapy, Tisagenlecleucel, has recently been established as the standard of care for r/r B-ALL patients aged under 26 as per the NCCN Guidelines (https://www.nccn.org/) [4–6].