Structurally and functionally, CAFs fertilize the microenvironment for tumor progression by secreting various factors, including ECM proteins (e.g. collagen type-I and ectodysplasin-A), epidermal growth factor (EGF)/fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family members, pro-angiogenesis factors (e.g. hypoxic inducible factor (HIF) and platelet derive growth factor (PDGF)), chemokines (e.g. CXCL and CXCR family members), cytokines (e.g. transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)), and different enzymes [e.g. metalloproteinases (MMPs)] [21]. The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is neoplasm.