CDKN2A and cervical cancer: Overexpression of E6 / E7, p16 /ki-67, miR-9, SCC-Ag, M-CSF, VEGF proteins, or JAM3, SOX1, and L1 genes following infection with HPV can be detected based on their elevated levels in plasma, serum, Cervical scraping, or tissue as predictors of increased risk of cervical cancer progression [29, 32, 54, 55].