Our review findings supports earlier suggestion by Sidorkiewicz et al.and Cheng et al, of the diagnostic usefulness, and clinical applicability of VEGF assay in cervical, breast or endometrial cancer, particularly with regards to consistency in specificity and AUC across all studies; and the diagnostic correlation with other complementary assays such as M-CSF and SCC-Ag [5, 51]. The gene discussed is CSF1; the disease is endometrial cancer.