Cao et al. found that the activation of autophagy is regulated by the AMPK/mTOR/ULK1 pathway in triple-negative breast cancer cells [24], whilst Zhang et al. demonstrated that thymoquinone inhibits metastasis in renal cell cancer cells by inducing autophagy via the AMPK/mTOR/ULK1 signaling pathway [42]. Here, ULK1 is linked to renal cell adenocarcinoma.