TP53 and neoplasm: Proteins E6 and E7 from HR-HPV types are oncogenes that are important for carcinogenesis and have some key activities such as the induction of replication stress, host DNA repair responses and downregulation of the pRB and p53 tumour suppressors [204] that may serve to trigger the mutagenic activity of A3 proteins seen in HPV-associated cancers (figure 6).