BAX and glioblastoma: Nonetheless, the crucial roles of mitochondrial Bax and Bak in NPe6-PDT-induced GBM cell death were proved, confirming that caspase-independent cell death-inducing factors including AIF, which are released from the mitochondria into the cytosol via mitochondrial Bcl-2-dependent pore formation triggered by cell death signal transduction, are also involved in NPe6-PDT-induced GBM cell death [31,32].