Eighth, it would also be helpful to investigate whether AGEs could stimulate macrophage foam cell formation through the transcriptional activation of CD36 gene via the Cdk5-induced activation of PPARγ and if RAGE-aptamer could prevent the progression of atherosclerosis in diabetic animals by suppressing the Cdk5–PPARγ–CD36 pathway. This evidence concerns the gene PPARG and atherosclerosis.