GAS5 and diabetes mellitus: Although previously associated with several CVDs such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and valvular disease, a recent study has reported GAS5 to be significantly downregulated in CAD and diabetes mellitus, but not altered in other cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension, abnormal aortic aneurysm, viral myocarditis, atrial fibrillation, valvular disease, dilated cardiomyopathy, and peripheral artery disease [57].