There has been significant progress in the treatment of advanced-stage NSCLC, including the discovery of EGFR and BRAF mutation, anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) gene rearrangement, ROS1 fusion gene, among others that allows the use of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) specific for these actionable gene mutations/rearrangement. The gene discussed is EGFR; the disease is non-small cell lung carcinoma.