INS and type 2 diabetes mellitus: To define ‘previously associated SNP’ in our context of pleiotropy of T2D and PrCa, we looked for any SNP within each locus that is associated with both T2D-related trait (either of T2D, 2-hour glucose challenge, glucose level, glycated albumin, HbA1c, insulin level, pro-insulin level, insulin resistance, insulin response, or glycemic traits) and PrCa-related trait (either of PrCa or prostate-specific antigen levels).