ITIH4 and infection: Since all individuals included in this study were infected with CRF01_AE viruses and the vaccine contained cognate CRF01_AE antigens (A244 gp120 and 92TH023 encoded within ALVAC), we expanded the viral panel to assess neutralization against 14 CRF01_AE viruses (S4 Table). We found no evidence that RV144 vaccination augmented the post-infection neutralization response to CRF01_AE viruses.