Expression of ER stress-related genes, including SEC61A, sXBP1, ATF4, ATF6, ATF3, and CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (CHOP), was increased in LOX-1+ PMN-MDSCs compared with LOX-1-CD15+ PMNs from the same donor among NPC survivors with CHB. Here, ATF4 is linked to nasopharyngeal carcinoma.