APP and atherosclerosis: Actually, there are two potential explanations for this finding: (1) the atherosclerosis caused by higher TC and LDL-c levels, subsequently induced cerebral hypoperfusion, which played a significant role in the acceleration of cognitive decline [39, 40], and (2) higher TC levels might modulate enzymatic processing of the amyloid precursor protein and accelerate the deposition of β-amyloid in brain, thus increasing the cognitive decline [41, 42].