Our results showed that FAPs, defined as CD45−CD31−Sca1+a7i−CD34+ cells, were upregulated by dystrophin deficiency, but their numbers were not further affected by the lack of transcriptionally active Nrf2 (Fig. 7g, h). Here, NFE2L2 is linked to neuromuscular disease caused by qualitative or quantitative defects of dystrophin.