A detailed understanding of the microglial niche, and potential regulating factors such as epigenetic markers, novel pharmacological therapies to remove microglia by targeting CSF1R, emerging genomic engineering tools and stem cell treatments, may all facilitate the selective replacement of dysfunctional microglia with healthy microglia in CSF1R-related leukoencephalopathy patients. Here, CSF1R is linked to Leukoencephalopathy.