CSF1R and Leukoencephalopathy: CSF1R-related leukoencephalopathy may be misdiagnosed as frontotemporal dementia or dementia with Lewy bodies, cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL), or primary progressive multiple sclerosis (MS), due to the overlapping clinical features and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) abnormalities [8–10].