TGF-β, for example, has been described to cause functional changes in NB cells that are characteristic for EMT: upon treatment with recombinant human TGF-β1, NB cells showed a lower expression of adhesion molecule and epithelial marker E-cadherin, a higher expression of fibroblast marker a-SMA, and were generally more motile [93]. Here, SMN1 is linked to neuroblastoma.