TNF and malignant colon neoplasm: Notably, the combination therapy of TP‐16 and anti‐PD‐1 simultaneously elevated the expression of T‐cell cytolytic effector molecules (Gzmb, Tnfa, Ifng, and Prf1) and T‐cell activation cell surface markers (CD25, CD69, CD107a, and CD178) (Fig 6F), suggesting augmented anti‐tumor immunity in a syngeneic colon cancer mouse model.