Immunofluorescence analysis of tumor tissues showed that the combination therapy of TP‐16 and anti‐PD‐1 antibody significantly increased the cytotoxic CD8+ T‐cell population and reduced MDSCs (CD11b+Gr1+) and M2 macrophages (CD11b+CD206+) compared with control vehicle‐ and monotherapy‐treated groups (Figs 6C and EV4D). Here, MRC1 is linked to neoplasm.