STAT3 and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: Some publications have suggested that IGFBP2 plays a tumor promotor role in glioblastoma through activation of β-catenin or EGFR–STAT3 pathways [21, 22], pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma via activation of the NF-κB pathway [23], and prostate cancer cells by the androgen-mediated pathway and MAPK-PI3K pathway [24].