VCAM1 and endothelial dysfunction: Mg deficiency accelerates the atherosclerotic process, increases thromboxane synthesis stimulating platelet aggregation, produces oxidative stress due to its proinflammatory effect, and also induces the synthesis of other cytokines, nitric oxide, and adhesion molecules [vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1) and intercellular adhesion molecule 1], all of which ends in endothelial dysfunction (Bo and Pisu, 2008).