For example, mRNA expression levels of DPM1 and DPM2 were very highly expressed in colon adenocarcinoma (COAD) (DPM1, p = 1.62E−12; DPM2, p <1E−12), head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSC) (DPM1, p <1E−12; DPM2, p = 1.62E−12), esophageal carcinoma (ESCA) (DPM1, p = 1.22E−07; DPM2, p = 2.30E−02), liver hepatocellular carcinoma (LIHC) (DPM1, p = 1.62E−12; DPM2, p <1E-12), rectum adenocarcinoma (READ) (DPM1, p = 4.07E−09; DPM2, p = 1.62E−12 ) and so on (Figs. 1A, 1B). Here, DPM2 is linked to head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.