AKT1 and osteoporosis: Osteoblasts are primarily involved in the formation of bone through different pathways, such as the PI3K/Akt cell signaling pathway, MAPK pathway, Wnt/β-catenin signaling, etc. The PI3K/Akt cell signaling pathway plays an important role in inhibiting osteoporosis by stimulating proliferation, differentiation of osteoblasts, and bone formation (Xi et al., 2015).