In this study we observed that the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-6 were increased significantly only in children with microscopic asymptomatic malaria compared to uninfected controls (p = 0.0006; p = 0.027, respectively), whereas, levels in children with microscopic parasitemia were comparable to levels in children with submicroscopic parasitemia. This evidence concerns the gene TNF and parasitic infectious disease.