For instance, KIF5A knockout mice (KIF5A−/−) display abnormal transport of NF proteins (Xia et al., 2003), which has been proposed as a causative mechanism of NF accumulation, an ALS hallmark, as discussed previously (Chevalier-Larsen and Holzbaur, 2006). This evidence concerns the gene KIF5A and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.