HTRA1 and age-related macular degeneration: Furthermore, HTRA1 genetic variation has been extensively associated with neovascular retinal disease in the setting of AMD (Dewan et al., 2006; Yang et al., 2006; Deangelis et al., 2008; Andreoli et al., 2009; Jacobo et al., 2013; Iejima et al., 2015b), with a preponderance of evidence suggesting that the disease is mediated by increased HTRA-1 expression (Jones et al., 2011; Iejima et al., 2015a,b; Tom et al., 2020).