Here, we report that bacterial TLR agonists induce increased amounts of IL-6/IL-1beta double-positive monocytes as well as IFN-gamma-positive NK cells with cytolytic activity in patients with virally suppressed HIV infection, which was substantially more pronounced in carriers of a HLA-B*57 type than in the HIV patients with HLA-B*44. The gene discussed is HLA-B; the disease is HIV infectious disease.