While this protective effect was consistently observed in untreated HIV patients, even across different HLA-B*57 subtypes and diverse HIV strains [2], the risk to die from bacterial infection and sepsis was unexpectedly found to be substantially increased in HLA-B*57-positive patients, whose HIV replication was long-term suppressed by antiretroviral therapy [3]. The gene discussed is HLA-B; the disease is Sepsis.