Mutation and expression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS) in lung cancer and promoter methylation of O6-methylguanine DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) in glioblastoma (GBM) have been identified to be associated with progressive disease and treatment response3,6,13–15. This evidence concerns the gene KRAS and lung cancer.