Papillary carcinoma of the thyroid is characterized by a high prevalence of RET chromosomal rearrangements, and of point mutations of RAS or BRAF proto-oncogenes, all of which are able to trigger the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade27–29, as well as NTRK fusions30. The gene discussed is BRAF; the disease is differentiated thyroid carcinoma.