In vitro, Dynole 34-2 blocked downstream signalling in human AML cells, as measured by the levels of pSTAT5 (Fig. 7a and Supplementary Fig. 9a), and prevented the internalization of IL-3R and GM-CSFR in patient-derived AML cells stimulated with IL-3 and GM-CSF, respectively (Supplementary Fig. 9b). This evidence concerns the gene CSF2 and acute myeloid leukemia.