TGFB1 and breast carcinoma: For example, elevated methylglyoxal (MG) levels induced by aerobic glycolysis enhanced the growth and metastasis in breast cancer cells by increasing nuclear accumulation of YAP;26 and elevated free fatty acid levels and uptake contribute to epithelial-mesenchymal transition induction in HCC cells by activating Wnt and TGF-β signaling24.