For example, elevated EphA4 signaling results in neuronal damage in Alzheimer’s disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) (3, 4, 5, 6), and the loss of EphB2/B3 signaling is implicated in skeletal malformations that cause cleft palate (7). This evidence concerns the gene EPHA4 and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.