Additionally, constitutive activation of Nrf2 has been shown to promote lung cancer in a mouse model initiated by knockout of phosphatase and tensin homolog (Pten) by administering adenoviral Cre to Keap1FB/FB; PtenF/F mice, with the latter mutation causing permanent activation of protein kinase B (PKB)/Akt [197]. This evidence concerns the gene NFE2L2 and lung carcinoma.