CUL3 and neoplasm: These data also revealed that LUSC have relatively few mutations in EGFR and KRAS, which are commonly mutated in LUAD, but a relatively high frequency of mutations in PTEN and PIK3CA. However, they highlighted that dysregulation in oxidative stress pathways, as seen in the LUAD cases, was similarly observed in 34% of LUSC tumours, due to mutations (or copy number alterations) in KEAP1 (mutated in 12%), CUL3 (mutated in 7%) and NFE2L2 (mutated in 19%).