ENO2 and lung carcinoma: The 6.5 μm diameter magnetic beads and QDs (525 nm, 585 nm and 625 nm) both conjugated with antibodies against cytokeratin-19 fragment (CYRFA 21-1), neuron specific enolase (NSE) or carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) lung cancer biomarkers were added into human serum samples and mixed in a test tube, and were introduced onto the array of the chip.