Work is ongoing to investigate the role of σ1R and MC1 in AD, ALS, FTD and HD using (11C)SA-4503 and (18F)BCPP-EF PET, respectively, as part of the MIND-MAPS program (https://lp.invicro.com/mind-maps), which could help to provide a more comprehensive understanding of the mitochondrial-ER-synaptic complex, across the spectrum of age-related neurodegenerative diseases. The gene discussed is ATP7A; the disease is Alzheimer disease.