Furthermore, AAT/factor XIa and AAT/heat shock protein-70 complexes were found in patients with diabetes [88], while AAT/immunoglobulin A complexes were detected in the synovial fluid of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic lupus erythematosus, and ankylosing spondylitis [91]. This evidence concerns the gene SERPINA1 and ankylosing spondylitis.